Want
to start collecting vintage jewelry, but you're not sure where to begin? I know
the feeling. It can be overwhelming. So many designers, so many types of
metals and stones, oh my!
The one rule of thumb I can offer is that if you
like it buy it! Of course there needs to be some guidelines or you may find
yourself needing extra storage space to hold all of your finds.
First ask yourself "what do I like?" Do you like
earrings or maybe cats? Start collecting earrings from a particular era,
designer or manufacturer. Look for cat pins from one designer, manufacturer or in a particular metal.
Secondly, ask your self
why you want to collect? Will you wear your costume jewelry? Are you
planning to sell your finds? Are you buying jewelry as an investment?
All of these things will affect the type of jewelry you buy. Some
vintage costume jewelry will command higher prices than others.
Once you've decided on a starting point arm yourself
with information. There are many books and websites dedicated to the
subject of vintage costume jewelry. Use them! Try our vintage costume
jewelry library of jewelry articles
for a good starting point.
Buy a magnifier or a
jewelers loupe.
I use a 10X. They are available at many stores and websites. I find my jewelers loupe invaluable. It helps me
to read the jewelry hallmarks and inspect the stones and the setting.
When you are examining the stones, you should look for variances in its
color as well as chips or scratches. When you are examining the setting,
look for signs of repairs and
verdigris. Sometimes these flaws can only be seen with the help of
magnifier or a jewelers loupe.
Places to Shop for
Vintage Costume Jewelry
Rhinestone Shapes |
Types of
Finishes for Metals |
-
Baguette
-
Chaton
-
Dentelle
-
Heart
-
Marquise
-
Navette
-
Oval
-
Pear
-
Teardrop
-
Square
|
|
|
- Point Cut- This is an
ancient cut where the sides were polished and mounted this way.
Point on top and bottom.
- Table Cut- A cut used in the 14th
and 15th Centuries. Natural points of the crystal were removed
leaving a "table" or flat surface on top. Point on bottom [cutlet].
- Sancy Cut- 5 sided table. Pear
shaped stone that was rose cut like. From the 16th Century.
- Rose Cut- The stone has triangular
facets on the sides. The stone is cut so that a point is formed in
the middle. Flat on the bottom. Pointy on top, no pavilion. Early
17th Century.
- Mazarin Cut- Mid 1600s. A rough
version of today's brilliant cut. Has 34 facets.
- Peruzzi Cut- 17th Century. 56
facets. The first brilliant cut.
- Old Mine Cut-
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Metal Types |
-
Base Metal ~ Non precious metal that is used as the core
for plating.
- White or Pot Metal ~ seen
in older pieces it is an alloy of copper and lead.
- Silver, Silver Plated
-
Gold
-
Gold Filled,
Gold Plated and
Gold Washed [also called Vermeil]
- Rhodium
- Japanning
- Gun Metal
|
Testing Your
Finds [Basic and Least
Destructive Methods] |
Notes: |
-
Amber - Rub vigorously on wool and then try to lift a small
piece of paper or tissue with the piece. Amber should lift it.
-
Bakelite- Should have no seams of mold marks. A
thermoset
plastic. Leaves a blue to black mark when scraped against
pottery.
- 409 Cleaner: Spray a
little on a cotton swab and rub on the item [find an
inconspicuous spot] for about one minute. The tip of the cotton
swab should have a faint yellow appearance. Not all bakelite
will test positive using this method.
- Hot Water: Place the
item under hot water for about 30 seconds to one minute. You
should be able to detect an odor of formaldehyde or varnish.
-
Bog Oak- Look for wood graining with your loupe.
-
Bone- Look for grain lines that run in one direction
only with your loupe.
-
Casein- Use the hot water test. Should smell like burned
milk. A
thermoset
plastic.
-
Celluloid- A highly flammable
thermoplastic. Run item
under hot water. You should detect a camphor like smell. Think
Vick's Vapor Rub!
-
Cellulose Acetate- Using the hot water test your piece
should smell like vinegar or emit a sour odor. A non- flammable
thermoplastic.
-
Coral-
Should feel heavy and it will effervesce if you place a drop of
lemon juice on the item and view with a loupe. Be sure
to wash the lemon juice off! It is acidic and will eat
the plating/finish.
-
Crepe Stone- Glass. Look at the piece. The design should
have a rippled appearance.
-
Crystal- Natural colorless quartz. Not the same as lead
crystal. This should feel heavy and cold. Look at item and try to
rule out lead crystal [glass with high lead content]. Consult
gemologist.
-
Diamond- Rule out plastic and glass. A quick test is to blow
on the item. If it "fogs" up, it is not a diamond. Look into the
stone with your loupe, looking for
refraction [diamonds are not doubly refractive] and angular
inclusions that look like needles. You can purchase a diamond
tester. Consult a gemologist.
-
Gemstones- Rule out plastic and glass. Loupe the piece. Most
gemstones are doubly refractive and will have angular inclusions.
Consult a gemologist.
-
Glass- Should feel lighter than gemstones, but heavier than
plastic. Should feel warmer to the ouch than gemstones, but cooler
than plastic. Loupe the piece looking for swirl lines or bubbles.
Glass has distinctive sound when tapped.
-
Gutta-percha- Smells like burning rubber under hot water or
when you rub the piece until it warms.
- Horn- This protrusion from
the head of an animal is often used in jewelry. Using the hot water
test the piece should smell like wet fur/hair. Loupe the piece
looking for irregular patterns and long grain lines. The cross
sections should show concentric rings.
-
Ivory-
Loupe the piece. Elephant ivory has a crosshatched appearance, while
other types of ivory will have a grain lines that appear wavy.
-
Jade- Rule out plastic and glass. All three forms of jade
will be cold to the touch and of medium heft.
-
Jet- Will leave a dark brown or blackish mark on pottery or
ceramic tile.
-
Limestone- Used to carve
cameos. It effervesces when you place a drop of lemon juice on
the piece.
-
Lucite- A trade name for acrylic. Use the hot water test.
Lucite has no odor or may smell fruity of like flowers.
-
Marcasites- Loupe the piece. Real marcasites are usually
held in with beads, not glued in. Most often set in silver.
Sometimes used to surround gemstones. Tap lightly on your teeth to
distinguish from plastic.
-
Moissanite- Use
a tester or consult a gemologist.
-
Mother-of-Pearl- Use the teeth test. MOP should feel gritty.
Effervesces when it comes in contact with lemon juice.
-
Pearl- Natural and cultured pearls should feel gritty when
rubbed against your teeth. Most simulated pearls will not. An x-ray
may be able to differentiate natural from cultured, however not
always!
- Shell- Effervesces when it
comes in contact with lemon juice. It should feel lightweight and
cool to the touch.
-
Tortoiseshell- Using the hot water test, this material
should smell like wet fur/hair. Loupe the item looking for irregular
patterns vs. a repeating regular pattern.
-
Vulcanite- Rub the item until it warms. it should smell like
burning rubber. Could have mold marks. Will leave a brown streak
rubbed against ceramic tile.
|
How to help determine
what you have:
- Look at you piece with
the naked eye and with a loupe.
- Tap the piece listening
for its resonance
- Tap the piece against
your teeth
- feel the heft of the
piece. Smoothness of the piece. Is the piece warm of cool to
the touch?
- Smell the piece.
We do not recommend the hot pin
test! Acid testing can destroy a piece if the acid is not washed
of immediately following usage. Some materials cannot really be identified using only one
testing method. The tests we have listed are a starting point
only. It is always a good idea to test using many methods. Some gemstones need expert appraisals.
Some of the tools of the
trade:
- Presidium Duo tester
- Silver and gold testing
kit- comes with acids
|
In short, make sure you know about hallmarks,
materials and metals, findings, stone cuts,
periods and always take an items condition into
consideration and you should do fine.
Vintage
Trifari Ad From My Collection
Do's and Don'ts When
Purchasing Vintage Jewelry
Do examine the item from all angles and preferably
in natural light.
Do inspect the metal and findings for
verdigris. It can be cleaned to some degree so you need to ask yourself if this
is something you want to take on.
Do inspect and examine any moving parts.
For example; if you are looking at a brooch, make sure the pin rod opens and
secures properly.
Don't buy an item that is beyond repair. If
the item has missing stones, ask yourself if you can replace them. There are
many professionals that repair and restore vintage costume jewelry. This
can be costly so you need to determine if the item is worth repairing.
Don't purchase an item with dead or dark
rhinestones. If you want to have the dark stone replaced, ask yourself again
about the cost of the repair. Sometimes you will find items like this in jewelry
lot you purchased at auction or at an estate sale. If there are too many, pass
on the lot.
Dating Costume Jewelry
There are several ways to try and date a costume
jewelry item:
-
Designer Mark
-
Construction
-
Patent Number if
Present
-
Advertisements
-
Findings and Fittings
Costume jewelry designers changed their
hallmarks
often. Look at the hallmark and compare it with hallmarks
the designer used. Several websites have lists like this with dates
included.
You can get a general idea
of a vintage jewelry item's age by looking at how and with what material
it was constructed. For instance, if you have a pair of
aurora borealis earrings right away you know that these were
most likely produced after 1955. The process was invented before that
but not at all popular until then.
Sometimes you can date a
piece of vintage costume jewelry by finding an advertisement with the
item in it. If you are lucky you will find the ad in an old magazine.
The magazine will have a publication date. That puts you in the
ballpark. If you are luckier, the actual ad will have a reference to the
date. Ads can also be purchased and lately several have been included in
websites related to vintage costume jewelry, including this site.
In short...you need to be
a jewelry sleuth, taking many things into consideration before a
definitive attribution can be made.
Below is a chart that
lists utility patent numbers for helping date antiques, collectables and
jewelry. To research patents try the
United States Patent Office.
Another site to try is:
Google Patent
Search This is a beta version subject to changes in the future.
A
utility patent may be granted to anyone who invents or discovers any
new and useful process, machine, article of manufacture, compositions of
matter, or any new useful improvement thereof. A design patent
may be granted to anyone who invents a new, original, and ornamental
design for an article of manufacture. This definition is from the US
Patent Office.
Amazing Adornments disclaims
any liability for any errors contained in this chart or consequences relating to
its use.
Back to top
Utility Patents
Year
|
Patent Number
|
1836 |
1 - 109 |
1837 |
110 - 545
|
1838
|
546-1,105
|
1839 |
1,106-1,464 |
1840 |
1,465-1,922
|
1841 |
1,923-2,412
|
1842 |
2,413-2,900 |
1843
|
2,901-3,394 |
1844
|
3,395-3,872 |
1845
|
3,873-4,347
|
1846
|
4,348-4,913
|
1847
|
4,914-5,408
|
1848
|
5,409-5,992
|
1849
|
5,993-6,980
|
1850 |
6,981-7,864
|
1851 |
7,865-8,621
|
1852
|
8,622-9,511 |
1853
|
9,512-10,357 |
1854
|
10,358-12,116
|
1855
|
12,117-14,008
|
1856
|
14,009-16,323 |
1857 |
16,324-19,009 |
1858
|
19,010-22,476
|
1859
|
22,477-26,641
|
1860
|
26,642-31,004
|
1861 |
31,005-34,044
|
1862 |
34,045-37,265 |
1863
|
37,266-41,046 |
1864 |
41,047-45,684
|
1865
|
45,685-51,783
|
1866 |
51,784-60,657 |
1867
|
60,658-72,958
|
1868
|
72,959-85,502
|
1869
|
85,503-98,459
|
1870
|
98,460-110,616 |
1871
|
110,617-122,303
|
1872
|
122,304-134,503
|
1873
|
134,504-146,119
|
1874
|
146,120-158,349
|
1875 |
158,350-171,640 |
1876
|
171,641-185,812 |
1877
|
185,813-198,732
|
1878
|
198,733-211,077
|
1879
|
211,078-223,210
|
1880 |
223,211-236,136 |
1881
|
236,137-251,684
|
1882 |
251,685-269,819
|
1883
|
269,820-291,015 |
1884
|
291,916-310,162
|
1885 |
310,163-333,493
|
1886
|
333,494-355,290
|
1887
|
355,291-375,719
|
1888 |
375,720-395,304
|
1889
|
395,305-418,664 |
1890 |
418,665-443,986
|
1891
|
443,987-466,314
|
1892 |
466,315-488,975 |
1893
|
488,976-511,743
|
1894 |
511,744-531,618
|
1895
|
531,619-552,501
|
1896 |
552,502-574,368
|
1897 |
574,369-596,466 |
1898
|
596,467-616,870
|
1899
|
616,871-640,166
|
1900 |
640,167-664,826
|
1901
|
664,827-690,384
|
1902 |
690,385-717,520
|
1903 |
717,521-748,566 |
1904
|
748,567-778,833
|
1905
|
778,834-808,617
|
1906 |
808,618-839,798
|
1907
|
839,799-875,678 |
1908
|
875,679-908,435
|
1909
|
908,436-945,009 |
1910
|
945,010-980,177
|
1911
|
980,178-1,013,094
|
1912 |
1,013,095-1,049,325
|
1913 |
1,049,326-1,083,266 |
1914
|
1,083,267-1,123,211 |
1915
|
1,123,212-1,166,418 |
1916 |
1,166,419-1,210,388
|
1917 |
1,210,389-1,251,457
|
1918
|
1,251,458-1,290,026
|
1919
|
1,290,027-1,326,898
|
1920
|
1,326,899-1,364,062 |
1921 |
1,364,063-1,401,947 |
1922
|
1,401,948-1,440,361
|
1923
|
1,440,362-1,478,995 |
1924 |
1,478,996-1,521,589 |
1925 |
1,521,590-1,568,039
|
1926 |
1,568,040-1,612,699
|
1927 |
1,612,700-1,654,520
|
1928 |
1,654,521-1,696,896
|
1929 |
1,696,897-1,742,180
|
1930 |
1,742,181-1,787,423
|
1931 |
1,787,424-1,839,189
|
1932 |
1,839,190-1,892,662
|
1933 |
1,892,663-1,941,448
|
1934 |
1,941,449-1,985,877
|
1935 |
1,985,878-2,026,515
|
1936
|
2,026,516-2,066,308
|
1937
|
2,066,309-2,104,003
|
1938 |
2,104,004-2,142,079
|
1939 |
2,142,080-2,185,169 |
1940 |
2,185,170-2,227,417
|
1941 |
2,227,418-2,268,539
|
1942 |
2,268,540-2,307,006
|
1943
|
2,307,007-2,338,080
|
1944
|
2,338,081-2,366,153 |
1945 |
2,366,154-2,391,855
|
1946 |
2,391,856-2,413,674 |
1947 |
2,413,675-2,433,823
|
1948 |
2,433,824-2,457,796
|
1949 |
2,457,797-2,492,943
|
1950 |
2,492,944-2,536,015
|
1951 |
2,536,016-2,580,378 |
1952 |
2,580,379-2,624,045 |
1953 |
2,624,046-2,664,561
|
1954 |
2,664,562-2,698,433 |
1955 |
2,698,434-2,728,912
|
1956 |
2,728,913-2,775,761
|
1957
|
2,775,762-2,818,566 |
1958 |
2,818,567-2,866,972
|
1959
|
2,866,973-2,919,442
|
1960 |
2,919,443-2,966,680 |
1961
|
2,966,681-3,015,102 |
1962 |
3,015,103-3,070,800 |
1963 |
3,070,801-3,116,486 |
1964
|
3,116,487-3,163,864
|
1965 |
3,163,865-3,226,728
|
1966 |
3,226,729-3,295,142
|
1967 |
3,295,143-3,360,799 |
1968
|
3,360,800-3,419,906
|
1969
|
3,419,907-3,487,469
|
1970 |
3,487,470-3,551,908 |
1971 |
3,551,909-3,631,538
|
1972
|
3,631,539-3,707,728 |
1973 |
3,707,729-3,781,913
|
1974 |
3,781,914-3,858,240
|
1975 |
3,858,241-3,930,270 |
1976 |
3,930,271-4,000,519
|
1977
|
4,000,520-4,065,811 |
1978 |
4,065,812-4,131,951 |
1979 |
4,131,952-4,180,866 |
1980 |
4,180,867-4,242,756
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Back to top
Design Patents [Notice the
"D" in front of the number]
Issue
Year |
First
Design |
1843 |
D000001 |
1844 |
D000015 |
1845 |
D000027 |
1846 |
D000044 |
1847 |
D000103 |
1848 |
D000163 |
1849 |
D000209 |
1850 |
D000258 |
1851 |
D000341 |
1852 |
D000431 |
1853 |
D000540 |
1854 |
D000626 |
1855 |
D000683 |
1856 |
D000753 |
1857 |
D000860 |
1858 |
D000973 |
1859 |
D001075 |
1860 |
D001183 |
1861 |
D001366 |
1862 |
D001508 |
1863 |
D001703 |
1864 |
D001879 |
1865 |
D002018 |
1866 |
D002239 |
1867 |
D002533 |
1868 |
D002858 |
1869 |
D003304 |
1870 |
D003810 |
1871 |
D004547 |
1872 |
D005452 |
1873 |
D006336 |
1874 |
D007083 |
1875 |
D007969 |
1876 |
D008884 |
1877 |
D009686 |
1878 |
D010385 |
1879 |
D010975 |
1880 |
D011567 |
1881 |
D012082 |
1882 |
D012647 |
1883 |
D013508 |
1884 |
D014528 |
1885 |
D015678 |
1886 |
D016451 |
1887 |
D017046 |
1888 |
D017995 |
1889 |
D018830 |
1890 |
D019553 |
1891 |
D020439 |
1892 |
D021275 |
1893 |
D022092 |
1894 |
D022994 |
1895 |
D023922 |
1896 |
D025037 |
1897 |
D026482 |
1898 |
D028113 |
1899 |
D029916 |
1900 |
D032055 |
1901 |
D033813 |
1902 |
D035547 |
1903 |
D036187 |
1904 |
D036723 |
1905 |
D037280 |
1906 |
D037766 |
1907 |
D038391 |
1908 |
D038980 |
1909 |
D039737 |
1910 |
D040424 |
1911 |
D041063 |
1912 |
D042073 |
1913 |
D043415 |
1914 |
D045098 |
1915 |
D046813 |
1916 |
D048358 |
1917 |
D050117 |
1918 |
D051629 |
1919 |
D052836 |
1920 |
D054359 |
1921 |
D056844 |
1922 |
D060121 |
1923 |
D061748 |
1924 |
D063675 |
1925 |
D066346 |
1926 |
D069170 |
1927 |
D071772 |
1928 |
D074159 |
1929 |
D077347 |
1930 |
D080254 |
1931 |
D082966 |
1932 |
D085903 |
1933 |
D088847 |
1934 |
D091258 |
1935 |
D094179 |
1936 |
D098045 |
1937 |
D102601 |
1938 |
D107738 |
1939 |
D112765 |
1940 |
D118358 |
1941 |
D124503 |
1942 |
D130989 |
1943 |
D134717 |
1944 |
D136946 |
1945 |
D139862 |
1946 |
D143386 |
1947 |
D146165 |
1948 |
D148267 |
1949 |
D152235 |
1950 |
D156686 |
1951 |
D161404 |
1952 |
D165568 |
1953 |
D168527 |
1954 |
D171241 |
1955 |
D173777 |
1956 |
D176490 |
1957 |
D179467 |
1958 |
D181829 |
1959 |
D184204 |
1960 |
D186973 |
1961 |
D189516 |
1962 |
D192004 |
1963 |
D194304 |
1964 |
D197269 |
1965 |
D199955 |
1966 |
D203379 |
1967 |
D206567 |
1968 |
D209732 |
1969 |
D213084 |
1970 |
D216419 |
1971 |
D219637 |
1972 |
D222793 |
1973 |
D225695 |
1974 |
D229729 |
1975 |
D234033 |
1976 |
D238315 |
1977 |
D242881 |
1978 |
D246811 |
1979 |
D250676 |
1980 |
D253796 |
1981 |
D257746 |
1982 |
D262495 |
1983 |
D267440 |
1984 |
D272009 |
1985 |
D276949 |
1986 |
D282020 |
1987 |
D287540 |
1988 |
D293500 |
1989 |
D299180 |
1990 |
D305275 |
1991 |
D313301 |
1992 |
D322878 |
1993 |
D332170 |
1994 |
D342818 |
1995 |
D353932 |
1996 |
D365671 |
1997 |
D377107 |
1998 |
D388585 |
1999 |
D403485 |
2000 |
D418273 |
2001 |
D435713 |
2002 |
D452599 |
2003 |
D468073 |
2004 |
D484671 |
2005 |
D500396 |
Another great resource is
The Library of Congress Copyright Office
|
Questions? We are more than happy to try and help!
Customer Support
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